Table 2.

Logistic Regression Results: Association of Social Isolation with Memory Loss. Unadjusted and Adjusted for Covariates

	Memory Loss (vs. no Memory Loss)
Total Population (Unadjusted for Study Covariates)¹^,²	OR (Unadjusted)	95% CI		p-value
Social Isolation
Never/Rarely	Reference
Sometimes	*2.56*	*2.42*	*2.70*	*0.0076*
Often/Always	*5.50*	*5.06*	*5.99*	*<0.0001*

Total Population (Adjusted for Study Covariates)¹^,³^,⁴	Memory Loss (vs. no Memory Loss)
Total Population (Adjusted for Study Covariates)¹^,³^,⁴	OR (Adjusted)¹	95% CI		p-value
Social Isolation
Never/Rarely	Reference
Sometimes	*2.45*	*2.32*	*2.60*	*0.0298*
Often/Always	*5.20*	*4.75*	*5.68*	*<0.0001*

Abbreviations: ED, Emergency department; SD, Standard deviation; OR, Odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval.
↵1 Results based on 46,240 Medicare members (aged 65 years or older) of Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) who completed an index Medicare Total Heath Assessment (MTHA) survey between 3/1/2013 and 2/28/2021 (8 years) and had continuous KPNW Medicare insurance coverage in the 12 months before survey completion. Significant results are displayed in bold, italicized font. ²C-statistic, unadjusted for study covariates = 0.615.
↵3 Model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), prior hospital admissions, ED visits, primary care visits and COVID-19 Era. ⁴C-statistic, adjusted for study covariates = 0.696.